Pregnancy is a special time in a woman’s life. It is also a time when a woman’s body undergoes numerous physiological and hormonal changes that impact all aspects of the expecting mother and child’s health. Good oral care is very important during this period, as oral health affects overall well being.
“Pregnancy gingivitis” is common among expecting mothers, causing bleeding, sensitive and puffy gums with varying degrees of swelling that develop over the first trimester of pregnancy. The rapid surge in hormone levels of estrogens and progesterone causes an exaggerated response to small amounts of plaque and tartar, resulting in this severe form of gum inflammation. This may occur even if there weren’t any symptoms of gum disease before.
Sarah, a new mother, said, “ I was alarmed as my gums swelled up rapidly during my fourth month, and bled every time I brushed even though I never had gum trouble before. My dentist at Smile Fort Worth explained how being pregnancy affects gums and instructed me in oral hygiene, which really helped.” An oral prophylaxis, in which any existing tartar deposits will be removed by scaling, and taking extra care of oral hygiene measures during this time, can effectively prevent pregnancy gingivitis.
Cavities can also worsen with changes in salivary patterns occurring during this time, especially in those with high dental decay rates. Many women have gastric reflux, which causes acidity. That acid may cause erosion of tooth enamel and sensitive teeth. An expecting mother’s body is very vulnerable to the spread of any infection and dental infections like an abscess arising from a decayed tooth are common. While getting early preventive treatments like fluoride applications and fillings for small decays can a go a long way in avoiding dental problems in pregnancy, any acute dental infection should be cared for promptly.
Periodontal or gum disease in pregnant women is linked with the risk of having pre-term and low birth weight babies. Basically, a periodontal infection can cause a slow release of bacterial toxins into the mother’s blood stream, which increases the chances of these complications. Dentists strongly recommend a screening and treatment of periodontal disease in women planning pregnancy.
Most routine dental treatment can be safely performed during a healthy pregnancy. The second trimester is generally the preferred time to schedule planned dental procedures. Dental x-rays, also can be done safely with adequate protective shields. Concerns regarding the safety of drugs that can be used in pregnancy are important issues that need to be addressed by every dentist treating an expecting mother. Every woman expecting a baby should ensure to get a dental consult early on in or while planning for a pregnancy.
